Ang Tunay na Kahinaan ng Bitcoin: Limang Hosting Provider ang Kumokontrol sa 33% ng mga Node

Sinuri ng mga researcher mula sa Cambridge University na sina Wenbin Wu at Alexander Neumueller ang 11 taong datos ng Bitcoin network at nakatuklas ng isang mahalagang bagay: hindi natinag ang network sa 68 na naberipikang pagkaputol ng submarine cable sa pagitan ng 2014 at 2025.

Nung naputol ang pitong cable sa Côte d'Ivoire noong March 2024, nag-record ang Internet Outage Detection and Analysis system ng severity score na higit 11,000 para sa region. Pero halos hindi napansin ng Bitcoin network. Mga limang nodes lang ang nag-offline, 0.03% lang ng network at 2.5% impact na normal fluctuation lang naman.

Nag-cross-reference ang researchers ng 8 million Bitcoin node observations laban sa 658 submarine cables at 385 cable fault events. Walumpu't pitong porsyento ng verified cable events ay nagdulot lang ng less than 5% node change. Ang mean impact ay negative 1.5%, ang median ay negative 0.4% lang. Ang correlation between node disruption at Bitcoin price ay basically zero sa r equals negative 0.02.

Pero may natukoy ang study na real chokepoint. Ang March 2026 Bitnodes snapshot ay nagpakita ng 23,150 reachable Bitcoin nodes, with 14,602 running sa Tor—63.1% ng network. Tumaas yan mula near-zero Tor adoption noong 2014, 2,478 nodes noong 2021, at 7,617 nodes by 2022. In-attribute ng researchers ang surge sa censorship events like Iran's 2019 shutdown, Myanmar's 2021 coup, at China's mining ban same year.

Ang remaining clearnet nodes naman ay concentrated heavily sa limang providers: nag-host si Hetzner ng 869 nodes, Comcast at OVHcloud ay 348 each, Amazon Web Services may 336, at Google Cloud ay 313. Nagbabala ang researchers na coordinated pressure sa handful of hosting networks ay pwedeng mag-disrupt ng visible nodes na mas effective pa kaysa random infrastructure failures. Frame nila ang risk as hosting provider shutdowns o coordinated regulatory action, hindi physical cable cuts.

Gumawa ang team ng multiplex network model with 354 submarine cable edges connecting 225 countries. Random cable removal hindi makakapinsala sa Bitcoin until 72% to 92% ng cables ang ma-fail. High-betweenness cable targeting naman ay nag-drop ng threshold to 20%. ASN-targeted attacks sa top autonomous systems ay need lang ng 5% para mag-cause ng serious damage. Kahit complete clearnet removal pa, operational pa rin karamihan ng nodes kasi may 14,602 nodes sa Tor.

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ℹ️ Article Details

• Source: CryptoSlate
• Original URL: https://cryptoslate.com/seven-internet-cables-were-cut-at-once-bitcoin-barely-noticed-but-researchers-found-a-real-chokepoint/
• Reading Time: 3 minutes
• Category: bitcoin-news
• Tickers: BTC
• Key Takeaway: Bitcoin survived cable cuts, but five hosting providers control a third of clearnet nodes.
• Slug: bitcoins-real-vulnerability-five-hosting-providers-control

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